A moving average (often used for stock prices) reduces the volitility of prices over time (there’s a longer “sort of English” explanation
here). Many market technicians believe that when the current price of a stock goes from below the moving average to above it, that the stock price has an upward bias (and vice versa). Moving averages can be used over any length of time, market traders tend to most often use 50- or 200-day moving averages. The 50-year example from the CBS Markeywatch example is extreme. The fact that the current values might move below the 50-year moving average is an indication that the Japanese market has been in a loooooong period of bad times and that even buy-and-hold long-term investors have lost money, not even accounting for inflation.